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Original instrument

This doctoral project investigated the impact of dental caries on children using qualitative techniques and developed a caries-specific oral health-related quality of life measure. CARIES-QC was developed for self-completion by children aged 5-16 years. CARIES-QC contains 12 items and one global question.

The items are scored on a 3-point Likert scale and scored 0-2, with increasing score indicating increased impact (possible total score range 0–24). As the measure is unidimensional, a conversion scale is available to convert the raw ordinal score to an interval score to allow accurate calculation of change scores and effect sizes.

is available in a number of languages.  The Handbook with conversion table is available on request.

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Utility version

The adapted instrument was developed with active involvement of children and young people at every stage, and is suitable for use in economic evaluations of interventions to prevent and manage tooth decay (dental caries) in 5-16-year-olds.

Currently both a UK adult and adolescent value set are available; the former was obtained using discrete choice experiments with a duration attribute, while the latter was obtained using best-worst scaling methods, following which the preferences were mapped onto the 0-1 dead to full health scale for Quality Adjusted Life Years using the adult values for anchoring purposes only.

Both value sets and the algorithm are available upon request, using the enquiry form below. 

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Visual summary

The following animation and visual summary were created in collaboration with Research Retold (2023).

Download visual summary (PDF, 990KB)

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Publications

The key publications related to this body of research are listed below.

Foster Page L, Gilchrist F, Broder HL, Clark E, Thomson WM. A Comparison of Three Child OHRQoL Measures. Dent J (Basel). 2019 Feb 12;7(1):19. doi: 10.3390/dj7010019. PMID: 30759755; PMCID: PMC6473806.

Gilchrist F, Rodd HD, Deery C, Marshman Z. Development and evaluation of CARIES-QC: a caries-specific measure of quality of life for children. BMC Oral Health. 2018 Dec 4;18(1):202. doi: 10.1186/s12903-018-0662-8. PMID: 30514353; PMCID: PMC6280387.

H.J. Rogers, H. D. Rodd, J. H. Vermaire, K. Stevens, R. Knapp, S. El Yousfi, and Z. Marshman. A Systematic Review of the Quality and Scope of Economic Evaluations in Child Oral Health Research. BMC Oral Health (2019) 19.1:132. Web.

Innes N, Fairhurst C, Whiteside K, Ainsworth H, Sykes D, El Yousfi S, Turner E, Chestnutt IG, Keetharuth A, Dixon S, Day PF, Seifo N, Gilchrist F, Hicks K, Kellar I, Al-Yaseen W, Araujo M, Dey D, Hewitt C, Pavitt S, Robertson M, Torgerson D, Marshman Z. Behaviour change intervention for toothbrushing (lesson and text messages) to prevent dental caries in secondary school pupils: The BRIGHT randomized control trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2024 Jan 8. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12940. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38189629.

Knapp R, Marshman Z, Gilchrist F, Rodd H. The impact of dental caries and its treatment under general anaesthetic on children and their families. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021 Aug;22(4):567-574. doi: 10.1007/s40368-020-00591-1. Epub 2020 Dec 5. PMID: 33280070; PMCID: PMC7719014.

Knapp R, Marshman Z, Gilchrist F, Vettore M, Rodd H. Clinical, individual and environmental factors related to children's health-related quality of life following treatment under general anaesthetic for dental caries: a path analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022 Jun;23(3):399-408. doi: 10.1007/s40368-022-00695-w. Epub 2022 Feb 3. PMID: 35113385; PMCID: PMC9167194.

Rogers HJ, Vermaire JH, Gilchrist F, Schuller AA. The Relationship between Caries-Specific Quality of Life and Generic Wellbeing in a Dutch Pediatric Population. Dent J (Basel). 2019 Jul 1;7(3):67. doi: 10.3390/dj7030067. PMID: 31266138; PMCID: PMC6784473.

Rogers HJ, Gilchrist F, Marshman Z; Rodd H, Rowen D. Selection and validation of a classification system for a child-centred caries-specific preference-based measure. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes 2020:4(105) DOI: 10.1186/s41687-020-00268-9

Rogers, H.J., Marshman, Z., Rodd, H. et al. . J Patient Rep Outcomes 5, 26 (2021).

Rogers, H.J., Sagabiel, J., Marshman, Z. et al.  Health Qual Life Outcomes 20, 18 (2022).