Professional workers who are self-employed really value the autonomy they have. They have the freedom to innovate, express their own views, have influence beyond their own role and compete with other companies and people.
Peter Warr, Emeritus Professor at the Institute of Work Psychology
The Management School | University of 91直播
The study by Professor Peter Warr from the Management School and Professor Ilke Inceoglu from the University of Exeter found that despite working longer hours and having less job security, self-employed workers were among the happiest with more freedom and control over their work life.
Researchers analysed data collected from workers in the UK, the United States, Australia and New Zealand across a number of industries including retail, IT, health, finance and education.
The study, , carried out further analysis of employees across four job grades: non-managerial workers, supervisors, middle managers, and senior managers and directors.
The self-employed workers who took part in the research worked in a range of industries, including management consultancy, financial services, retail, education, insurance and real estate.
The study reported that workers in organisations with non-managerial roles had the lowest levels of job satisfaction and engagement. Researchers noted that both satisfaction and engagement improved with each increase in job grade.
Professor Warr said: 鈥淧rofessional workers who are self-employed really value the autonomy they have. They have the freedom to innovate, express their own views, have influence beyond their own role and compete with other companies and people.
鈥淭hey really get to use their own expertise, so don鈥檛 seem to mind working long hours. They can find meeting high standards really fulfilling.鈥
Co-author Professor Ilke Inceoglu added: "Being engaged in their jobs makes people feel energised and pleased with their own contribution.
"Measuring how engaged people are in their work is therefore a really useful way to gauge their wellbeing and shows we must move beyond just looking at job satisfaction."