Publications

A selection of Sir Harry Kroto's main papers alongside a full publications list.

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Main papers

The C₆₀ discovery paper

H W Kroto, J R Heath, S C O’Brien, R F Curl and R E Smalley, ‘C60: Buckminsterfullerene' (PDF, 216KB), Nature, 318 (No.6042), 162-163, (1985).

The electronic spectrum of CBr, Sir Harry Kroto's first paper

R N Dixon and H W Kroto, ‘High resolution study of the spectrum of the CBr radical’ (PDF, 605KB), Trans Faraday Soc, 59, 1484-1489 (1963).

A personal overview of the discovery of C₆₀

H W Kroto, 'C₆₀: Buckminsterfullerene, the celestial sphere that fell to earth' (PDF, 2.25MB), Angew. Chem. Internat. Edit. Engl., 31, 111-129 (1992).

A review of molecular spectroscopy results on the detection of new molcules

H W Kroto, ‘Semistable molecules in the laboratory and in space’ (PDF, 6.4MB), Royal Society of Chemistry Tilden Lecture; Chem. Soc. Revs., 11, 435-491 (1982).

The paper first describing the Isolated Pentagon Rule and predicting the tetravalency and metastability of C28

H W Kroto, 'The stability of the Fullerenes C_n(n = 24, 28, 32, 50, 60 and 70)' (PDF, 566KB), Nature, 329, 529-531 (1987).

A personal overview of the discovery of C₆₀

H W Kroto, 'Chains and grains in interstellar space' (PDF, 1.02MB), in A Leger, L d’Hendecourt and N Boccara, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Astrophysics, Reidel, 1987, pp197-206.

A review of the impact of the C₆₀ discovery on molecules in space

H W Kroto, 'Space, stars, C₆₀and soot' (PDF, 1.81MB), Science, 242, 1139-1145 (1988).

Discussing the possibiliy of C₆₀ and its analogues in space and as DIB carriers

J P Hare and H W Kroto, 'A postbuckminsterfullerene view of carbon in the galaxy' (PDF, 961KB), Accounts Chem. Res., 25, 106-112 (1992).

2010-14

P W Dunk, M Mulet-Gas, Y Nakanishi, N K Kaiser, A Rodriguez-Fortea, H Shinohara, A G Marshall and H W Kroto, Nature Communications 2014.
M Mulet-Gas, L Abella, P W Dunk, A Rodriguez-Fortea, H W Kroto and J M Poblet, 'Small endohedral metallofullerenes: exploration of the structure and growth mechanism in the Ti@C_2n family', Sci. 2014, Advance Article.
P W Dunk, J-J Adjizian, N K Kaiser, J P Quinn, G T Blakney, C P Ewels, A G Marshall and H W Kroto, 'Metallofullerene and fullerene formation from condensing carbon gas under conditions of stellar outflows and implication to stardust', Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2013, 110 (45), 18081-18086 (2013).
P W Dunk, A Rodriguez-Fortea, N K Kaiser, J M Poblet and H W Kroto, 'Formation of heterofullrenes by direct exposure of C₆₀ to boron vapor', Chem. Int. Ed. 52 (1), 315-319 (2013).
V V Lobodin, J J Savory, P W Dunk and A G Marshall, 'Charge reversal fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry', Am. Soc. Mass. Spectr. 24, 213-221 (2013).
P W Dunk, N K Kaiser, M Mulet-Gas, A Rodriguez-Fortea, J M Poblet, H Shinohara, C L Hendrickson, A G Marshall and H W Kroto, 'The smallest stable fullerene, M@C₂₈ (M=Ti, Zr, U): Stabilisation and growth from carbon vapor', Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 9380-9389 (2012).
P W Dunk, N K Kaiser, C L Hendrickson, J P Quinn, C P Ewels, Y Nakanishi, Y Sasaki, H Shinohara, A G Marshall and H W Kroto, 'Closed network growth of fullerenes', Nature Communications 3, 855. 9 (2012).

2005-09

P Jain, V Ramachandran, R J Clark, H D Zhou, B H Toby, N S Dalal, H W Kroto and A K Cheetham, 'Multiferroic behaviour associated with an order−disorder hydrogen bonding transition in metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) with the perovskite ABX3 architecture', Am. Chem. Soc., 131 (38), pp 13625–13627 (2009).
P Jain, N S Dalal, B H Toby, H W Kroto and A K Cheetham, 'Order-disorder antiferroelectric phase transition in a hybrid inorganic-organic framework with the perovskite architecture', J.A.C.S.; 130(32): 10450-1, (2008).
Y Z Jin, R J Curry, J Sloan, R A Hatton, L C Chong, N Blanchard, V Stolojan, H W Kroto and S R P Silva, 'Structural and optoelectronic properties of C₆₀ rods obtained via a rapid synthesis route', J. Mater. Chem., 16, 3715-3720 (2007).
S J Small Henley, R A Hatton, Y C Guan, G Chao, Z Hailin, H W Kroto and S R P Silva, 'Enhancement of polymer luminescence by excitation-energy transfer from multi-walled carbon nanotubes', (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 3(11):1927-33. (2007).
M Randic, H W Kroto and D Vukicevic, 'Numerical Kekule structures of fullerenes and partitioning of pi-electrons to pentagonal and hexagonal rings', Journal Of Chemical Information And Modeling; 47 (3): 897-904 (2007).
J A Rodríguez-Manzo, M Terrones, H Terrones, H W Kroto, S Litao and F Banhart, 'In situ nucleation of carbon nanotubes by the injection of carbon atoms into metal particles', Nature nanotechnology; 2(5):307-11. (2007).
H W Kroto, 'Some new insights in to the mechanisms of fullerene and nanotube formation', Applied Surface Science 252 (19): 6403-6403 (2006).
M J Humphry, P H Beton, D L Keeling, R H J Fawcett, P Moriarty, M J Butcher, P R Birkett, D R M Walton, R Taylor and H W Kroto, 'Lateral translation of covalently bound fullerenes', Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 18, S1837-S1846 (2006).
H W Kroto, 'Supramolecular chemistry of fullerenes', Tetrahedron 62 (9): 1921 (2006).
Y Z Jin, Y J Kim, C Gao, Y Q Zhu, A Huczko, M Endo and H W Kroto, 'High temperature annealing effects on carbon spheres and their applications as anode materials in Li-Ion secondary battery', Carbon, 44(4), 724-729. (2006).
M A Phillips, J N O’Shea, P R Birkett, J Purton, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, R Taylor and P Moriarty, '(C₆H₅)₅C₆₀H at Si(111)-(7×7) and Ag: Si(111)-(root 3x root 3)R30 degrees surfaces', Physical Review B 72 (7): Art. No. 075426 (2005).
K Schulte, R A J Woolley, L Wang, P J Moriarty, P R Birkett, H W Kroto and B C C Cowie, 'XSW feasibility study of C₆₀Ph₅OH on Ag(111): combining hard X-rays, low Z and, low coverage', Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research Section A-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors And Associated Equipment 547 (1): 208-215 (2005).
Y Z Jin, C Gao, H W Kroto and T Maekawa, 'Polymer-grafted carbon spheres by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation', Macromolecular Rapid Communications 26 (14): 1133-1139, (2005).
D Vukicevic, H W Kroto and M Randic, 'Atlas of kekule valence structures of buckminsterfullerene', Croatica Chemica Acta 78 (2): 223-234 (2005).
'Polyurea-functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, morphology, and raman spectroscopy', J. Phys. Chem. B . ; 109 (24); 11925-11932 (2005).
Y Z Jin, C Gao, W K Hsu, Y Zhu, A Huczko, M Bystrzejewski, M Roe, C Y Lee, S Acquah, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'A systematic study of the large-scale synthesis and characterisation of carbon spheres prepared by direct pyrolysis of hydrocarbons', Carbon 43; 1944–1953 (2005).
A Huczko, H Lange, M Bystrzejewski, P Baranowski, H Grubek-Jaworska, P Nejman, T Przybylowski, K Czuminska, J Glapinski, D R M Walton and H W Kroto, 'Pulmonary toxicity of 1-D nanocarbon materials; Fullerenes nanotubes and carbon nanostructures', 13 (2): 141-145 (2005).
V Stolojan, S R P Silva, M J Goringe, R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, D R M Walton and H W Kroto, 'Dielectric properties of WS₂-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes studied by energy-loss spectroscopic profiling', Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 063112 (2005).

2000-04

A M Smith, S F A Acquah, N Bone, H W Kroto, M G Ryadnov, M S P Stevens, D R M Walton and D N Woolfson, 'Polar assembly in a designed protein fiber', Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44: 325-328 (2004).
H Kong, W Li, C Gao, D Y Yan, Y Z Jin, D R M Walton and H W Kroto, 'Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-coated carbon nanotubes: temperature-sensitive molecular nanohybrids in water', Macromolecules 37: 6683 (2004).
Y Z Jin, W K Hsu, Y L Chueh, L J Chou, Y Q Zhu, K Brigatti, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Large-scale production of NbS₂ nanowires and their performance in electronic field emission', Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43: 5670-5674 (2004).
Y Q Zhu, Y Z Jin, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Co-catalysed VLS growth of novel ceramic nanostructures', Journal Of Materials Chemistry 14 (4): 685-689 (2004).
Y Z Jin, Y Q Zhu, R L D Whitby, N Yao, R Z Ma, P C P Watts, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, 'Simple approaches to quality large-scale tungsten oxide nanoneedles', Journal Of Physical Chemistry B 108 (40): 15572-15577 (2004).
H Kroto, 'Nanotechnology of carbon and related materials', Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society Of London Series A-Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences 362 (1823): 2033-2033 (2004).
R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, Y Q Zhu et al, 'Novel nanoscale architectures: coated nanotubes and other nanowires', Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society Of London Series A-Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences 362 (1823): 2127-2142 (2004).
C H P Poa, R C Smith S R P, Silva et al, 'Field emission from nonaligned carbon nanotube-polymer matrix cathodes', Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 21 (4): 1715-1719 (2003).
H Lange, M Sioda, A Huczko et al, 'Nanocarbon production by arc discharge in water', Carbon 41 (8): 1617-1623 (2003).
Y Z Jin, Y Q Zhu, K Brigatti et al, 'Catalysed growth of novel aluminium oxide nanorods', Applied Physics A-Materials Science and Processing 77 (1): 113-115 (2003).
P C P Watts, W K Hsu, H W Kroto et al, 'Are bulk defective carbon nanotubes less electrically conducting?', NANO LETTERS 3 (4): 549-553 (2003).
R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, C B Boothroyd et al, 'WS₂ layer formation on multi-walled carbon nanotubes', Applied Physics A-Materials Science and Processing 76 (4): 527-532 (2003).
A Huczko, H Lange, G Chojecki et al, 'Synthesis of novel nanostructures by metal-polytetrafluoroethene thermolysis', Journal of Physical Chemistry B 107 (11): 2519-2524 (2003).
P C P Watts, P K Fearon, W K Hsu et al, 'Carbon nanotubes as polymer antioxidants', Journal of Materials Chemistry, 13 (3): 491-495 (2003).
R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, C B Boothroyd et al, 'WS₂/C nanocomposites reviewed', New Diamond and Frontier Carbon Technology, 13 (1): 7-18 (2003).
Y Q Zhu, T Sekine, K S Brigatti et al, 'Shock-wave resistance of WS₂ nanotubes', Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125 (5): 1329-1333 (2003).
A Huczko, H Lange, G Chojecki, S Cudziło, Y Q Zhu, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Synthesis of novel nanostructures by metal−polytetrafluoroethene thermolysis', Phys. Chem. B, 107, 2519–2524 (2003).
R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Conversion of amorphous WO_3-x into WS₂ nanotubes', Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, 3938-3940 (2002).
Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'An alternative route to NbS₂ nanotubes', J. Phys. Chem. B., Phys. Chem. B, 106, 7623-7626 (2002).
Y Q Zhu, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, H Langer and A Huczko, 'A systematic study of ceramic nanostructures generated by arc-discharge', Chem. Phys. Lett. 365 457–463 (2002).
R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, C B Boothroyd, K S Brigatti, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'WS₂ layer formation on multi-walled carbon nanotubes', Appl. Phys. A 76, 527–532 (2003).
R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, C B Boothroyd, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Tungsten disulphide coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes', Chem. Phys. Lett., 359, 121–126 (2002).
A Huczko, H Lange, M Sioda, Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Hollow cathode plasma synthesis of carbon nanofiber arrays at low temperature', J. Chem. Phys., 106, 1534 (2002).
S Trasobares, O Stephan, G Hug, C Colliex, W K Hsu, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Compartmentalised CN_x nanotubes; Chemistry, morphology and growth', J. Chem. Phys., 116, 8966 (2002).
R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, P K Fearon, N C Billingham, I Maurin, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, C B Boothroyd, S Firth, R J H Clark and D Collison, 'Multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated with tungsten disulphide', Chem. Mater., 14, 2209 (2002).
M Rühle, T Seeger, Ph Redlich, N Grobert, M Terrones, D R M Walton and H W Kroto, 'Novel SiO_x-coated carbon nanotubes', J. Ceramic Processing Research, 3, 1 (2002).
C H Poa, S R P Silva, P C P Watts, W K Hsu, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Field emission from non-aligned carbon nanotubes embedded in a polystyrene matrix', Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 3189 (2002).
M Sharon, W K Hsu, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, A Kawahara, T Ishihara and Y Takita, 'Camphor-based carbon nanotubes as an anode in lithium secondary batteries', J. Power Sources, 104, 148 (2002).
R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, T H Lee, C B Boothroyd, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Complex WS₂ nanostructures', Chem. Phys. Lett., (proofs 13 May 2002).
N Grobert, W K Hsu, H W Kroto, M Mayne, M Terrones, P C P Watts, R L D Whitby, D R M Walton and Y Q Zhu, 'Novel nanostructures: from metal-filled carbon nanotubes to MgO nanoferns', in Perspectives of Fullerene Nanotechnology, E Osawa (Ed), Kluwer AP 1-19 (2002).
R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, P C P Watts, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'WS₂ nanotubes containing single-walled carbon nanotube bundles', Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, 4574 (2001).
A D Darwish, A G Avent, P R Birkett, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Some 4-fluorophenyl derivatives of [60]fullerene: oxide-induced fragmentation to C₅₈', J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 782 (2001).
Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, W Z Zhou, M Terrones, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Selective co-catalysed growth of novel MgO fishbone fractal nanostructures', Chem. Phys. Lett., 347,337 (2001).
Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Carbon nanotube templated promoted growth of NbS₂ nanotubes/nanorods', Chem. Comm., 2184 (2001).
T Seeger, Ph Redlich, N Grobert, M Terrones, D R M Walton, H W Kroto and M Rühle, 'SiOx-coating of carbon nanotubes at room temperature', Chem. Phys. Lett., 339, 41-46 (2001).
R L D Whitby, W K Hsu, P K Fearon, H W Kroto, D R M Walton and C B Boothroyd, 'Tungsten disulphide sheathed carbon nanotubes', Chem. Phys. Chem., 2, 620 (2001).
S Trasobares, O Stephan, C Colliex, G Hug, W K Hsu, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Electron beam puncturing of carbon nanotube containers for release of stored nitrogen gas', Eur. Phys. J B, 22, 117 (2001).
P C P Watts, W K Hsu, G Z Cheng, D J Fray, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'A low resistence boron-doped carbon nanotube-polystyrene complex', J. Mat. Chem., 11, 2482 (2001).
Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, S Firth, M Terrones, R J H Clark, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Nb-doped WS₂ nanotubes', Chem. Phys. Lett., 342, 15-21 (2001).
M Mayne, N Grobert, M Terrones, R Kamalakaran, M Rühle, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Pyrolytic production of aligned carbon nanotubes from homogeneously dispersed benzene-based aerosols', Chem. Phys. Lett., 338, 101-107 (2001).
W K Hsu, Y Q Zhu, N Yao, S Firth, R J H Clark, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Titanium-doped molybdenum disulfide nanostructures', Adv. Functional Mat., 11, 69 (2001).
A G Avent, P R Birkett, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Preparation and characterisation of two [70]fullerene diols, C₇₀Ph₈(OH)₂', J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 68 (2001).
Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, M Terrones, S Firth, N Grobert, R J H Clark, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Tungsten-niobium-sulfur composite nanotubes', Chem. Comm., 121-122 (2001).
W K Hsu, Y Q Zhu, S Firth, M Terrones, H Terrones, S Trasobares, R J H Clark, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'W_xMo_yC_zS₂nanotubes', Carbon, 39, 1103-1116 (2001).
P-F Coheur, J Cornil, D A dos Santos, P R Birkett, J Livin, J L Bredas, D R M Walton, R Taylor, H W Kroto and R Colin, 'Photophysical properties of hexa-functionalised C₆₀ derivatives: spectroscopic and quantum-chemical investigations', J. Chem. Phys., 112, 8555 (2000).
W-Q Han, P Kohler-Redlich, T Seeger, F Ernst, M Rühle, N Grobert, W-K Hsu, B-H Chang, Y-Q Zhu, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, M Terrones and H Terrones, 'Aligned CNx nanotubes by pyrolysis of ferrocene/C₆₀ under NH₃ atmosphere', Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, 1807-1809 (2000).
W K Hsu, Y Q Zhu, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, R Kamalakaran and M Terrones, 'C-MoS₂ and C-WS₂nanocomposites', Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, 4130-4132 (2000).
W K Hsu, Y Q Zhu, C B Boothroyd, I Kinloch, S Trasobares, H Terrones, N Grobert, M Terrones, R Escudero, G Z Chen, C Colliex, A H Windle, D J Fray, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Mixed phase W_xMo_yC_zS₂ nanotubes', Chem. Mater., 12, 3541-3546 (2000).
Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, H Terrones, N Grobert, B H Chang, M Terrones, B Q Wei, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, C B Boothroyd, I Kinlock, G Z Chen, A H Windle and D J Fray, 'Morphology, structure and growth of WS₂ nanotubes', J. Mater. Chem. 10, 2570-2577 (2000).
W K Hsu, B H Chang, Y Q Zhu, Y Q Han, H Terrones, M Terrones, N Grobert, A K Cheetham, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'An alternative route to molybdenum disulfide nanotubes', J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, 10155-10158 (2000).
W K Hsu, S Y Chu, E Munoz‑Picone, J L Boldu, S Firth, P Franchi, P B Roberts, A Schilder, H Terrones, N Grobert, Y Q Zhu, M Terrones, M E McHenry, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Metallic behaviour of boron-containing carbon nanotubes', Chem. Phys. Lett., 323, 572-579 (2000).
W-Q Han, P K Redlich, C Scheu, F Ernst, M Rühle, N Grobert, M Terrones, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Carbon nanotubes as nanoreactors for boriding iron nanowires', Adv. Mater.,12, 1356-1359 (2000).
Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, N Grobert, B H Chang, M Terrones, H Terrones, H W Kroto, D R M Walton and B Q Wei, 'Production of WS₂ nanotubes', Chem. Mater., 12, 1190 (2000).
J L Bredas, D R M Walton, R Taylor, H W Kroto and R Colin, J. Chem. Phys., 112, 6371-6781 (2000).
Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, N Grobert, M Terrones, H Terrones, H W Kroto, D R M Walton and B Q Wei, 'Self-assembly of Si nanostructures', Chem. Phys. Lett., 322, 312-320 (2000).
W K Hsu, S Firth, Ph Redlich, M Terrones, H Terrones, Y Q Zhu, N Grobert, A Schilder, R J H Clark, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Boron-doping effects in carbon nanotubes', Mater. Chem., 10, 1425-1429 (2000).
W K Hsu, W Z Li, Y Q Zhu, M Terrones, H Terrones, N Yao, J P Zhang, S Firth, R J H Clark, N Grobert, A K Cheetham, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'NaCl crystallisation within the space between carbon nanotube walls', Chem. Phys. Lett., 317, 77-82 (2000).
W B Hu, Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, B H Chang, M Terrones, N Grobert, H Terrones, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Generation of hollow crystalline tungsten oxide fibres', Appl. Phys. A, 70, 231.
N Grobert, M Terrones, S Trasobares, K Kordatos, H Terrones, J Olivares, J P Zhang, Ph Redlich, W K Hsu, C L Reeves, D J Wallis, Y Q Zhu, J P Hare, A J Pidduck, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'A novel route to aligned nanotubes and nanofibres using laser patterned catalytic substrates', Appl. Phys. A., 70, 175-183 (2000).

1995-99

N Grobert, J P Hare, W-K Hsu, H W Kroto, M Terrones, D R M Walton and Y K Zhu, 'New advances in the creation of nanostructured materials', Pure Appl. Chem., 71, 2125-2130 (1999).
A D Darwish, A G Avent, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Novel base-catalysed formation of benzo(b)furano[60]- and [70] fullerenes', J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1983-1988 (1999).
M Terrones, H Terrones, N Grobert, W K Hsu, Y Q Zhu, J P Hare, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, Ph Kohler-Redlich, M Rühle, J P Zhang and A K Cheetham, 'An efficient route to large arrays of CN_x nanofibres by pyrolysis of ferrocene/melamine mixtures', Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, 3932-3934 (1999).
Y Q Zhu, W B Hu, W K Hsu, M Terrones, N Grobert, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'SiC-SiOx heterojunctions in nanowires', J. Mater. Chem., 9, 3173-3178 (1999).
N Grobert, M Terrones, Ph Redlich, H Terrones, R Escudero, F Morales, W K Hsu, Y Q Zhu, J P Hare, M Rühle, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Enhanced magnetic coercivities in Fe nanowires', Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, 3363-3364 (1999).
P Kohler-Redlich, M Terrones, C Manteca-Deigo, W K Hsu, H Terrones, M Rühle, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Stable BC₂N nanostructures; low temperature production of segregated C/BN layered materials', Chem. Phys. Lett., 310, 459-465 (1999).
Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, M Terrones, N Grobert, W B Hu, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Microscopy study of the growth process and structural features of silicon oxide nanoflowers', Chem. Mater., 11, 2709-2715 (1999).
Y Q Zhu, W B Hu, W K Hsu, M Terrones, N Grobert, T Karali, H Terrones, J P Hare, P D Townsend, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'A simple route to silicon-based nanostructures', Advan. Mater., 11, 844-847 (1999).
W K Hsu, S Trasobares, H Terrones, M Terrones, N Grobert, Y Q Zhu, W Z Li, R Escudero, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Electrolytic formation of carbon-sheathed mixed Sn-Pb-nanowires', Chem. Mater., 11, 1747-1751 (1999).
Y Q Zhu, W Hu, W K Hsu, M Terrones, N Grobert, J P Hare, H W Kroto, D R M Walton and H Terrones, 'Tungsten oxide tree-like structures', Chem. Phys. Lett., 309, 327-334 (1999).
M Terrones, N Grobert, W K Hsu, Y Q Zhu, W B Hu, H Terrones, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Advances in the creation of filled nanotubes and novel nanowires', MRS Bull.,24, 43-49 (1999).
P-F Coheur, J Cornil, D A dos Santos, P R Birkett, J Livin, J L Bredas, J-M Janot, P Seta, S Leach, D R M Walton, R Taylor, H W Kroto and R Colin, 'Photophysical properties of C₆₀Cl₆, C₆₀Ph₅Cl and C₆₀Ph₅H', Synthetic Mets, 103, 2407-2410 (1999).
M Terrones, P Redlich, N Grobert, S Trasobares, W K Hsu, H Terrones, Y Q Zhu, J P Hare, C L Reeves, A K Cheetham, M Rühle, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Carbon nitride nanocomposites: formation of aligned C_xN_y nanofibres', Advan. Mater., 11, 655-658 (1999).
J P Attfield, R L Johnston, H W Kroto and K Prassides, 'New science for new materials', in N Hall (Ed.), The Age of the Molecule, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1999, pp 181-208.
W K Hsu, Y Q Zhu, S Trasobares, H Terrones, M Terrones, N Grobert, H Takikawa, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Solid phase production of carbon nanotubes', Appl. Phys. A, Rapid Commun., 68, 493 (1999).
K Tanaka, M Endo, K Takeuchi, W K Hsu, H W Kroto, M Terrones and D R M Walton, 'Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes by pyrolysis', The Science and Technology of Carbon Nanotubes, K Tanaka, T Yamabe and K Fukui (Eds) Elsevier, 1999, Ch 11, pp 143-152.
W K Hsu, J Li, H Terrones, M Terrones, N Grobert, Y Q Zhu, S Trasobares, J P Hare, C J Pickett, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Electrochemical production of low-melting metal nanowires', Chem. Phys. Lett., 301, 159-166 (1999).
M Terrones, W K Hsu, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Nanotubes: A revolution in materials science and electronics', in A Hirsch (Ed) Topics in Current Chemistry, 199, 189-234 (1998).
N Grobert, M Terrones, A J Osborne, H Terrones, W K Hsu, S Trasobares, Y Q Zhu, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Thermolysis of C₆₀ thin films yields Ni-filled tapered nanotubes', Appl. Phys. A, 67, 595 (1998).
P-F Coheur, J Cornil, D A dos Santos, P R Birkett, J Livin, J L Bredas, J-M. Janot, P Seta, S Leach, D R M Walton, R Taylor, H W Kroto and R Colin, 'Photophysical properties of some hexa-functionalised C₆₀ derivatives', Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials, Electrochem. Soc., 6, 1140 (1998).
M D Upward, P Moriarty, P H Beton, P R Birkett, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Functionalised fullerenes on silicon surfaces', Surface Sci., 405, 526-531 (1998).
A G Avent, P R Birkett, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Stable [60]fullerene carbocations', Chem. Commun., 2153-2154 (1998).
N Grobert, J P Hare, W K Hsu, H W Kroto, A J Pidduck, C L Reeves, H Terrones, M Terrones, S Trasobares, C Vizard, D J Wallis, D R M Walton, P J Wright and Y Q Zhu, 'Nanotechnology of nanotubes and nanowires: from aligned carbon nanotubes to silicon oxide nanowires', in H Kuzmany et al. (Eds) Proc. XII Internat. Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials – Progress in Molecular Nanostructures, AIP Conf. Proc. 442, 1998, p 29.
N Grobert, M Terrones, A J Osborne, H Terrones, W K Hsu, S Trasobares, Y Q Zhu, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Pyrolysis of C60-thin films yields Ni-filled sharp nanotubes', in H Kuzmany et al. (Eds) Proc. XII Internat. Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials – Progress in Molecular Nanostructures, AIP Conf. Proc. 442, 1998, p 25.
Y Q Zhu, W K Hsu, M Terrones, N Grobert, H Terrones, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, '3D silicon oxide nanostructures from nanoflowers to radiolaria', J. Mater. Chem., 8, 1859-1862 (1998).
M Terrones, N Grobert, J P Zhang, H Terrones, J Olivares, W K Hsu, J P Hare, A K Cheetham, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Preparation of aligned carbon nanotubes catalysed by laser-etched cobalt thin films', Chem. Phys. Lett., 285, 299-305 (1998).
W K Hsu, M Terrones, H Terrones, N Grobert, A I Kirkland, J P Hare, K Prassides, P D Townsend, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Electrochemical formation of novel nanowires and their dynamic effects', Chem. Phys. Lett., 284, 177-183 (1998).
A K Abdul-Sada, A G Avent, P R Birkett, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'A hexaallyl[60]fullerene, C₆₀(CH₂CH=CH₂)₆', J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 393-395 (1998).
A K Abdul-Sada, A G Avent, P R Birkett, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor, D R M Walton and O B Woodhouse, 'Novel formation of a phenylated isoquinolino[3,4:1,2][60]fullerene', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 307-308 (1998).
M Terrones, W K Hsu, A Schilder, H Terrones, N Grobert, J P Hare, Y Q Zhu, M Schwoerer, K Prassides, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Novel nanotubes and encapsulated nanowires', Appl. Phys. A, 66, 307-317 (1998).
A G Avent, P R Birkett, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Spontaneous oxidation of C₆₀Ph₅X (X = H, Cl) to a benzo[b]furanyl[60]fullerene', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1579-1580 (1997)
K Prassides, 'Fullerenes', Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2, 433-439 (1997).
H W Kroto, 'Symmetry, space, stars and C₆₀', Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 36, 1578 (1997), also Rev. Modern Physics, 69, 703 (1997). Nobel lectures in Chemistry 1996. Solid azafullerenes and azafullerides; K Prassides, F Wudl and W Andreoni, Fullerene Sci. Technol., 5, 801-812 (1997)
P R Birkett, A J Cheetham, B R Eggen, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Transition metal surface decorated fullerene as possible catalytic agents for the creation of single-walled nanotubes of uniformed diameter', Chem. Phys. Lett., 281, 111-114 (1997).
A G Avent, A M Benito, P R Birkett, A D Darwish, P B Hitchcock, H W Kroto, I W Locke, M F Meidine, B F O’Donovan, K Prassides, R Taylor, M van Wijnkoop and D R M Walton, 'The structure of fullerene compounds', J. Mol. Struct., 436-437, 1-9 (1997).
M Terrones, W K Hsu, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Synthetic routes to novel nanomaterials', Fullerene Sci. Technol., 5, 813 (1997).
A D Darwish, P R Birkett, G J Langley, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Arylation of Br₂/FeCl₃/PhH: formation of C₅₈ derivatives via CO loss', Fullerene Sci. Technol., 5, 705 (1997).
A G Avent, P R Birkett, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'The Diels-Alder adduct of C₇₀Ph₈ with anthracene', Fullerene Sci. Technol., 5, 643 (1997).
M Terrones, N Grobert, J Olivares, J P Zhang, H Terrones, K Kordatos, W K Hsu, J P Hare, P D Townsend, K Prassides, A Cheetham, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Controlled production of aligned-nanotube bundles', Nature, 388, 52 (1997).
T E Möller, D G Reid, W K Hsu, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Synthesis of nanotubes via catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene: a SEM study', Carbon, 35, 951 (1997).
P R Birkett, A G Avent, A D Darwish, I Hahn, H W Kroto, G J Langley, J O’Loughlin, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Arylation of [60]fullerene via electrophilic aromatic substitution involving the electrophile C₆₀Cl₆: frontside nucleophilic substitution of fullerenes', J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1121 (1997).
P R Birkett, A G Avent, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Preparation and characterisation of unsymmetrical C₆₀Ph₄ and symmetrical C₆₀Ph₂: the effect of regioselective attack upon C₆₀Cl₆', J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 457-461 (1997).
M van Wijnkoop, M F Meidine, A G Avent, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Platinum(0)-[60]fullerene complexes with chelating phosphine ligands. Synthesis and characterisation of (h-C₆₀)Pt(P-P) [P-P = dppe, dppp]', J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans.,675-676 (1997).
B F O’Donovan, P B Hitchcock, M F Meidine, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Phosphine-catalysed cycloaddition of buta-2,3-dienoates and but-2-ynoates with [60]fullerene', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 81-82 (1997).
W-K Hsu, M Terrones, J P Hare, H Terrones, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Electrolytic formation of carbon nanostructures', Chem. Phys. Lett., 262, 161-166 (1996).
M Terrones, A N Benito, W K Hsu, O I Osman, J P Hare, D G Reid, K Prassides, H W Kroto, C Manteca-Diego, H Terrones and D R M Walton, 'Morphology effects of catalytic particles in pyrolytic grown B_xC_yN_z nanofibres and nanotubes', in H Kusmany, J Fink, M Mehring and S Roth (Eds), Fullerenes and Fullerene Structures, World Scientific, 1996, pp 243-249.
W-K Hsu, J P Hare, D G Reid, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Production of carbon nanotubes and graphitic onions by condensed phase electrolysis', in H Kuzmany, J Fink, M Mehring and S Roth (Eds), Fullerenes and Fullerene Structures, World Scientific, 1996, pp 226-231.
M Terrones, W-K Hsu, H Terrones, J P Zhang, S Ramos, J P Hare, R Castillo, K Prassides, A K Cheetham, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Metal particle catalysed production of nanoscale BN structures', Chem. Phys. Lett., 259, 568-573 (1996).
M Terrones, A M Benito, C Manteca-Diego, W-K Hsu, O I Osman, J P Hare, D G Reid, H Terrones, A K Cheetham, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Pyrolytically grown B_xC_yN_z nanomaterials: nanofibres and nanotubes', Chem. Phys. Lett., 257, 576-582 (1996).
M Terrones, W-K Hsu, J P Hare, H W Kroto, H Terrones and D R M Walton, 'Graphitic structures: from planar to spheres, toroids and helices', Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., A354, 2025-2054 (1996).
P R Birkett, A D Darwish, A G Avent, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Chlorination and arylation of [60]- and [70]fullerenes', Proc. NATO Workshop, 316, 199-213 (1996).
C J Crowley, R Taylor, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, P-C Cheng and L T Scott, 'Pyrolytic production of fullerenes', Synth. Mets., 77, 17-22 (1996).
P R Birkett, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Regiochemical clustering in halogenation of C₆₀ and C₇₀', Mol. Mat., 7, 27-32 (1996).
J P Hare, W-K Hsu, M Terrones, A Sarkar, S G Firth, A Lappas, R Abeysinghe, H W Kroto, K Prassides, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Fullerene-based materials science at Sussex', Mol. Mat., 7, 17-22 (1996).
L J Dunne, A K Sarkar, H W Kroto, J Munn, P Kathirgamanathan, U Heinen, J Fernandez, J P Hare, D G Reid and A D Clark, 'Electrical, magnetic and structural characterisation of fullerene soots', J. Physics-Condensed Matter, 8, 2127-2141 (1996).
P R Birkett, A G Avent, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Preparation and characterisation of C₇₀Ph₉OH: the first fullerene with a single hydroxy group attached to the cage', J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1231-1232 (1996).
A G Avent, P R Birkett, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Recent developments in hydrogenation and arylation of [60]- and [70]fullerenes', Mol. Mat., 7, 33-40 (1996).
A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Polyhydrogenation of [60]- and [70]fullerenes with Zn/HCl and Zn/DCl', Synthetic Mets., 77, 303-307 (1996).
A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Hydrogenation of [76]-, [78]- and [84]fullerenes', J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1415-1418 (1996).
P R Birkett, A G Avent, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Formation of C₇₀Ph₁₀ and C₇₀Ph₈ from the electrophile C₇₀Cl₁₀', Tetrahedron, 52, 5235-5246 (1996).
A M Benito, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, M F Meidine, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Synthesis and characterisation of the methanofullerenes, C₆₀(CHCN) and C₆₀(CBr₂)', Tetrahedron Lett., 1085-1086 (1996).
J P Hare, W-K Hsu, H W Kroto, A Lappas, K Prassides, M Terrones and D R M Walton, 'Nanoscale encapsulation of molybdenum carbide in carbon clusters', Chem. Mater., 8, 6-8 (1996).
J P Hare, W-K Hsu, H W Kroto, A Lappas, W K Maser, A J Pierik, K Prassides, R Taylor, M Terrones and D R M Walton, 'Physico-chemical studies on nanotubes and their encapsulated compounds', in “Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials” M Kadisch and R S Ruoff (Eds), Electrochem. Soc., 2, 599-620 (1995).
C J Crowley, H W Kroto, R Taylor, D R M Walton, M S Bratcher, P-C Cheng and L T Scott, 'Formation of [60]fullerene by pyrolysis of coranulene, 7,10-bis(2,2-dibromovinyl)-fluoranthene and 11,12-benzofluoranthene', Tetrahedron Lett., 9215 (1995).
J Pola, A D Darwish, R A Jackson, H W Kroto, M F Meidine, A J Abdul-Sada, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Reaction of [60]fullerene with triethylamine', Fullerene Sci. Technol.,3, 229 (1995).
A D Darwish, A K Abdul-Sada, G J Langley, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Polyhydrogenation of [60]- and [70]- fullerenes', J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 2359 (1995).
W K Hsu, J P Hare, M Terrones, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Condensed phase nanotubes', Nature, 377, 687 (1995).
P R Birkett, A G Avent, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Holey fullerenes! A bis-lactone derivative of [70]fullerene with an 11-atom orifice', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1869 (1995).
A Sarkar, M Endo and H W Kroto, 'Hemi-toroidal networks in pyrolytic carbon nanotubes', Carbon, 33 51 (1995).
S J Austen, P W Fowler, J P B Sandall, P R Birkett, A G Avent, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Theoretical characterisation of C₇₀Cl₁₀: the role of 1,4-addition across hexagonal rings', J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 2, 1027 (1995).
P R Birkett, A G Avent, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Formation and characterisation of C₇₀Cl₁₀', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 683 (1995).
P R Birkett, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, G J Langley, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Formation of methylene adducts of [60]-, [70]-, [78]-, and [84]-fullerenes by reaction of fullerene-containing soot extract with THF', J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 511 (1995).
R Taylor, G J Langley, J H Holloway, E G Hope, A K Brisdon, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Oxygenated species in the products of fluorination of [60]- and [70] Fullerene by fluorine gas', J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 181 (1995).

1990-94

R Taylor, A G Avent, P R Birkett, J D Crane, A D Darwish, G J Langley, H W Kroto and D R M Walton; 'Phenylation of [60]fullerene', Novel Forms of Carbon II, MRS., 349, 107 (1994).
R Taylor, H W Kroto, D R M Walton and G J Langley, 'Formation of fullerene-C₆₀ by pyrolysis of naphthalene', Mol. Mat., 4, 7 (1994).
H W Kroto, J P Hare, A Sarkar, K Hsu, M Terrones and J R Abeysinghe, 'New horizons in carbon chemistry and materials science', M.R.S. Bull., 19, 51 (1994).
H W Kroto, 'The charisma of C₆₀ Buckminsterfullerene', M.R.S. Bull., 19, 21 (1994).
H W Kroto, 'Smaller carbon species in the laboratory and space', Internat. J. Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, 138, 1 (1994).
M F Meidine, A G Avent, A D Darwish, G J Langley, W Locke, O Ohashi, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Cis-Bromine addition to the bicyclopentene addend on [60]Fullerene', J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 2, 2125 (1994).
A G Avent, P R Birkett, C Christides, J D Crane, A D Darwish, P B Hitchcock, H W Kroto, M F Meidine, K Prassides, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'The structure of buckminsterfullerene compounds', J. Mol. Struct., 325, 1 (1994).
A G Avent, P R Birkett, C Christides, J D Crane, A D Darwish, P B Hitchcock, H W Kroto, K Prassides, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'The fullerenes – precursors for 21st century materals', Pure Appl. Chem., 66, 1389 (1994).
H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'The structure and reactivity of C₆₀', Pure Appl. Chem., 66, 2091 (1994).
A D Darwish, A K Abdul-Sada, G J Langley, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Reaction of [70]Fullerene with benzyne', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 2133 (1994).
M F Meidine, A G Avent, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, O Ohashi, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Pentamethylcyclopentadiene adducts of [60]- and [70]fullerene', J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2, 1189 (1994).
I W Locke, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, K Prassides, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Phosphorus/Buckminsterfullerene intercalation compound, C₆₀(P₄)₂', Chem. Phys. Lett., 225, 186 (1994).
N S Schneider, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Formation of fullerols via hydroboration of fullerene-C₆₀', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 463 (1994).
A G Avent, P R Birkett, J D Crane, A D Darwish, G J Langley, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'The structure of C₆₀Ph₅Cl and C₆₀Ph₅H, formed via electrophilic aromatic substitution', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1463 (1994).
A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Improved chromatographic separation of C₆₀ and C₇₀', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 15 (1994).
A G Avent, A D Darwish, D K Heimbach, H W Kroto, M F Meidine, J P Parsons, C Remars, R Roers, O Ohashi, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Formation of hydrides of fullerene-C₆₀and C₇₀', J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 15 (1994).
M Endo, K Takeuchi, S Igarashi, K Kobori, M Shiraishi and H W Kroto, 'The production and structure of pyrolytic carbon nanotubes (PCNTs)', J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 54, 1841 (1993).
K Prassides, 'Neutron scattering and SR studies of fullerenes and their derivatives', Physica Scripta, T49, 735 (1993).
R Taylor, A G Avent, P R Birkett, T J S Dennis, J P Hare, P B Hitchcock, J H Holloway, E G Hope, H W Kroto, G J Langley, M F Meidine, J P Parsons and D R M Walton, 'Isolation, characterisation and chemical reactions of fullerenes', Pure Appl. Chem., 65, 135 (1993).
H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Stable derivatives of small fullerenes', Chem. Phys. Lett.,214, 353 (1993).
A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'The C₆₀^-catalysed oxidation of hydrogen sulphide to sulphur', Fullerene Sci. & Tech., 1, 571 (1993).
H P Diego, M E M da Piedade, T J S Dennis, J P Hare, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Enthalpies of formation of Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) and of the parent ions C₆₀⁺, C₆₀²⁺, C₆₀³⁺and C₆₀^–', J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 89, 3541, (1993).
P R Birkett, C Christidies, P B Hitchcock, H W Kroto, K Prassides, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Preparation and single crystal structure determination of the solvated intercalate C₆₀I₂toluene', J. Chem. Soc., Perkin 2, 1407 (1993).
M F Meidine, R Roers, G J Langley, A G Avent, A D Darwish, S Firth, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Formation and stabilisation of the hexa-adduct of cyclopentadiene with C₆₀', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1342 (1993).
P R Birkett, A G Avent, A D Darwish, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Preparation and¹³C NMR characterisation of C₆₀Cl₆', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1230 (1993).
R Taylor, G J Langley, A G Avent, T J S Dennis, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, '¹³C NMR spectroscopy of C₇₆, C₇₈, C₈₄, and mixtures of C₈₆-C₁₀₂; anomalous chromatographic behaviour of C₈₂ and evidence for C₇₀H₁₂', J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1029 (1993).
R Taylor, G J Langley, A K Brisdon, J H Holloway, E G Hope, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Highly oxygenated derivatives of fluorinated C₆₀, and the mode of fragmentation of the fluorinated cage under electron impact conditions', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 875-878 (1993).
H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Polyynes and the formation of fullerenes', Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A, 343, 103-112 (1993).
P R Birkett, J D Crane, P B Hitchcock, H W Kroto, M F Meidine, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'The structural characterisation of buckminsterfullerene compounds', J. Mol. Struct., 292, 1 (1993).
P R Birkett, I Gross, P J Hendra, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'The Raman spectra of C₆₀Br₂₄, C₆₀Br₈ and C₆₀Br₆', Chem. Phys. Lett., 205, 399-404 (1993).
H W Kroto, K Prassides, A J Stace, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Fullerene studies at Sussex', in W.E. Billups and M.A. Ciufolini (Eds.) Buckminsterfullerenes, VCH, 1993, Ch 2, pp 21-57.
S P Balm, R A Hallett, A W Allaf, A J Stace and H W Kroto, 'Optical emission from carbon clusters in a supersonic expansion', Internat. J. Mod. Phys. B, 6, 3757 (1992).
A W Allaf, R A Hallett, S P Balm and H W Kroto, 'Hydrogenation of carbon clusters', Internat. J. Mod. Phys. B, 6, 3595 (1992).
H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Discovery', Univ. Sussex Ann. Rep., 6 (1992).
R Taylor, A G Avent, P R Birkett, T J S Dennis, J P Hare, P B Hitchcock, J H Holloway, P G Hope, H W Kroto, G J Langley, M F Meidine, J P Parsons and D R M Walton, 'Isolation, characterisation and chemical reactions of fullerenes', Pure Appl. Chem., 65, 135 (1992).
K Prassides, T J S Dennis, C Christidies, E Roduner, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Mu@C₇₀; monitoring the dynamics of fullerenes from inside the cage', J. Phys. Chem., 96, 10600-10602 (1992).
J D Crane, P B Hitchcock, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Preparation and characterisation of C₆₀(ferrocene)₂', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1764-1765 (1992).
M Endo and H W Kroto, 'Formation of carbon nanofibers', J. Phys. Chem., 96, 6941-6944 (1992).
K Prassides, H W Kroto, R Taylor, D R M Walton, W I F David, J Tomkinson, R C Haddon, M J Rosseinsky and D W Murphy, 'Fullerenes and fullerides in the solid state; neutron scattering studies', Carbon, 30, 1277-1286 (1992).
H W Kroto, 'Introduction', Carbon, 30, 1139-1141 (1992).
H W Kroto and M Jura, 'Circumstellar and interstellar fullerenes and their analogues', Astron. Astrophys., 263, 275-280 (1992).
H W Kroto, K Prassides, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Isolation and spectroscopy of fullerenes', Physica Scripta, T45, 314-318 (1992).
D E Manolopoulos, P W Fowler, R Taylor, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'An end to the search for the ground state of C₈₄?', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 88, 3117-3118 (1992).
K G McKay, H W Kroto and D J Wales, 'Simulated transmission electron microscope images and characterisation of the ‘Icospiral’', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 88, 2815-2821 (1992).
M F Meidine, P B Hitchcock, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Single crystal x-ray structure of benzene-solvated C₆₀', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1534-1537 (1992).
K Prassides, C Christides, J Tomkinson, M J Rosseinsky, D W Murphy, R C Haddon, T J S Dennis, J P Hare, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Neutron scattering studies of Fullerenes and alkali-metal doped Fullerides', in C Taliani, G Ruani and R Zamboni (Eds.) Fullerenes; status and perspectives, Proc. 1st Italian Workshop, Bologna (Feb. 6-7 1992) World Scientific Advanced Series in Fullerenes – Vol. 2, 1992, pp147-160.
H W Kroto, K Prassides, M Endo and M Jura, 'Fullerenes: physics and astrophysics studies', in C Taliani, G Ruani and R Zamboni (Eds.) Fullerenes; status and perspectives, Proc. 1st Italian Workshop, Bologna (Feb. 6-7 1992) World Scientific Advanced Series in Fullerenes – Vol.2, 1992, pp1-12.
R Taylor, G J Langley, T J S Dennis, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'A mass spectrometric/NMR study of Fullerene-78 isomers', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1043-1046 (1992).
H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Post-fullerene organic chemistry', in E Osawa and O Yonemitsu (Eds.), ‘Carbocyclic cage compounds’, VCH, 1992, pp 91-100.
P R Birkett, P B Hitchcock, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Preparation and characterisation of C₆₀Br₆and C₆₀Br₈', Nature, 357, 479-481 (1992).
K Prassides and H W Kroto, 'Fullerene physics', Physics World, 5, 44-49 (1992).
J P Hare and H W Kroto, 'Astrophysical problems involving carbon re-appraised', in P D Singh (Ed.) ‘Astrochemistry of cosmic phenomena’ IAU, The Netherlands, 1992, pp. 47-54.
H W Kroto, 'The post-Buckminsterfullerene graphite horizon', J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2141-2143 (1992).
R Taylor, G J Langley, M F Meidine, J P Parsons, A K Abdul-Sada, T J Dennis, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Formation of C₆₀Ph₁₂ by electrophilic aromatic substitution', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 667-668 (1992).
R Taylor, J H Holloway, E G Hope, A J Avent, G J Langley, T J Dennis, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Nucleophilic substitution of fluorinated C₆₀', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 665-667 (1992).
J P Hare and H W Kroto, 'A postbuckminsterfullerene view of carbon in the galaxy', Accounts Chem. Res., 25, 106-112 (1992).
H W Kroto, 'C₆₀: Buckminsterfullerene, the celestial sphere that fell to earth', Angew. Chem. Internat. Edit. Engl., 31, 111-129 (1992).
R Taylor, A G Avent, T J Dennis, J P Hare, H W Kroto, D R M Walton, J H Holloway, E G Hope, and G J Langley, 'No lubricants from fluorinated C₆₀', Nature, 355, 27 (1992).
S Leach, M Vervloet, A Despres, E Breheret, J P Hare, T J Dennis, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Electronic spectra and transitions of the fullerene C₆₀', Chem. Phys.,160, 451-466 (1992).
H W Kroto, A W Allaf and S P Balm, 'C₆₀Buckminsterfullerene', Chem. Revs., 91, 1213-1235 (1991)
K Prassides, T J S Dennis, J P Hare, J Tomkinson, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Inelastic neutron scattering spectrum of the fullerene C₆₀', Chem. Phys. Lett., 187, 455-458 (1991).
T J Dennis, J P Hare, H W Kroto, R Taylor, D R M Walton and P J Hendra, 'The vibrational Raman spectra of C₆₀and C₇₀', Spectrochim. Acta, 47A, 1289-1292 (1991).
W J Blau, H J Byrne, D J Cardin, T J Dennis, J P Hare, J Tomkinson, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Large infrared nonlinear optical response of C₆₀', Phys. Rev. Lett.,67, 1423-1425 (1991).
W I F David, R M Ibberson, J Matthewman, K Prassides, T J Dennis, J P Hare, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Crystal structure and bonding of ordered C₆₀', Nature, 353, 156-158 (1991).
P W Fowler, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Hypothetical twisted structure for C₆₀F₆₀', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 87, 2685-2686 (1991).
Z Gasyna, P N Schatz, J P Hare, T J Dennis, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'The magnetic circular dichroism and absorption spectra of C₆₀isolated in argon matrices', Chem. Phys. Lett., 183, 283-291 (1991).
H W Kroto, 'C₆₀: the celestial sphere that fell to earth', Nanotechnology, 1, 1-2 (1991).
J H Holloway, E G Hope, R Taylor, J G Langley, A G Avent, T J Dennis, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Fluorination of Buckminsterfullerene', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 966-969 (1991).
A Dworkin, C Fabre, D Schutz, G Kriza, R Ceolin, H Szwarc, P Bernier, D Jerome, S Leach, A Rassat, J P Hare, T J Dennis, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Thermodynamic characterisation of the crystallinity of footballene C₆₀', C. R. Acad., Sci. Paris, t.313, Ser II, 1017 (1991).
R Taylor, J P Parsons, A G Avent, S P Rannard, T J Dennis, J P Hare, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, 'Degradation of C₆₀ by light', Nature, 351, 277 (1991).
A Dworkin, H Szwarc, S Leach, J P Hare, T J Dennis, H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'Thermodynamic evidence for a phase transition in crystalline fullerene C₆₀', C. R. Acad., Sci. Paris, t.312, Ser II, 979-982 (1991).
J P Hare, T J Dennis, H W Kroto, R Taylor, A W Allaf, S Balm and D R M Walton, 'The IR spectra of Fullerene-60 and -70', J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 412-413 (1991).
J P Hare, H W Kroto and R Taylor, 'Preparation and UV/VIS spectra of Fullerenes C₆₀and C₇₀', Chem. Phys. Lett., 177, 394-398 (1991).
S P Balm, A W Allaf, H W Kroto and J N Murrell, 'Potential-energy function of large carbon clusters', J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 86, 803-806 (1991).
S P Balm, J P Hare and H W Kroto, 'The analysis of comet mass spectrometric data', Space Sci. Revs., 56, 185-189 (1991)
H W Kroto, R Taylor and D R M Walton, 'The discovery of C₆₀', Univ. Sussex Ann. Rep., 6-8 (1990-91).
H W Kroto, 'Fullerene cage clusters. The key to the structure of solid carbon', J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 86, 2465-2468 (1990).
R Taylor, J P Hare, A K Abdul-Sada and H W Kroto, 'Isolation, separation and characterisation of the fullerenes C60 and C70; the third form of carbo', J. Chem. Soc. Chem.,Commun., 1423-1425 (1990).
S P Balm and H W Kroto, 'Possible assignment of the 11.3 m UIR feature in emission from soot-like microparticles with internal hydrogens', Mon. Not. Roy. Astronom. Soc., 245, 193-197 (1990).
H W Kroto, 'The formation and structure of interstellar dust', in S. Chang (Ed.) ‘Carbon in the Galaxy’; Proc. Conf. NASA Aims Research Center, Nov 5-6 1987, Publ. 1990.
H W Kroto, 'C₆₀, fullerenes, giant fullerenes and soot', Pure Appl. Chem., 62, 407-415 (1990).
M Jura and H W Kroto, 'Dust around AFGL 2688, molecular shielding, and the production of carbon chain molecules', Astrophys. J., 351, 222-229 (1990).
H W Kroto, 'Giant fullerenes', Chem. Brit., 26, 40-42 (1990).

1985-89

H W Kroto, 'The role of linear and spheroidal carbon molecules in interstellar grain formation', Ann. Phys. Fr., 14, 169-179 (1989).
H W Kroto, 'The chemistry of the interstellar medium', Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., Lond. A.,325, 405-421 (1988).
H W Kroto, 'C₆₀: Buckminsterfullerene, other Fullerenes and the icospiral shell', Computers and Math. Applic., 17, 417-423 (1988).
H W Kroto, 'Space, stars, C60 and soot', Science, 242, 1139-1145 (1988).
H W Kroto and K G McKay, 'The formation of quasi-icosohedral spiral shell carbon particles', Nature, 331, 328-331 (1988).
H W Kroto, 'Chains and grains in interstellar space', in A Leger, L d’Hendecourt and N Boccara, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Astrophysics, Reidel, 1987, pp197-206.
H W Kroto, 'Carbon condensation', Comments Cond. Mat. Phys., 13, 119-141 (1987).
H W Kroto, J R Heath, S C O’Brien, R F Curl and R E Smalley, 'Long carbon chain molecules in circumstellar shells', Astrophys. J., 314, 352-355 (1987).
H W Kroto, 'The stability of the Fullerenes C_n(n = 24, 28, 32, 50, 60 and 70)', Nature,329, 529-531 (1987).
J R Heath, Q Zhang, S C O’Brien, R F Curl, H W Kroto and R E Smalley, 'The formation of long carbon chain molecules during laser vapourisation of graphite', J. Am. Chem. Soc.,109, 359-363, (1987).
H W Kroto, 'Chemistry between the stars', Proc. Roy. Institution, 58, 45-72 (1986)
S C O’Brien, J R Heath, H W Kroto, R F Curl and R E Smalley, 'A reply to “Magic Numbers” in C_n⁺ and C_n^– abundance distributions based on experimental observations', Chem. Phys. Lett. 132, 99-102 (1986).
Q L Zhang, S C O’Brien, J R Heath, Y Liu, R F Curl, H W Kroto and R E Smalley, 'Reactivity of large carbon clusters: spheroidal carbon shells and their possible relevance to the formation and morphology of soot', J. Phys. Chem., 90, 525-528 (1986).
Y Liu, S C O’Brien, Q Zhang, J R Heath, F K Tittle, R F Curl, H W Kroto and R E Smalley, 'Negative carbon cluster ion beams; new evidence for the special nature of C60', Chem. Phys. Lett., 126, 215-217 (1986).
J R Heath, S C O’Brien, Q Zhang, Y Liu, F R Curl, H W Kroto, F K Tittle and R E Smalley, 'Lanthanum complexes of spheroidal carbon shells', J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, 7779-7780 (1985).
H W Kroto, J R Heath, S C O’Brien, R F Curl and R E Smalley, ‘C60: Buckminsterfullerene’, Nature, 318(No.6042), 162-163,(1985) [cover illustration].
H W Kroto and D McNaughton, ‘Photoelectron spectra of the amino difluoroboranes NH₂=BF₂, NHMe=BF₂ and NMe2=BF₂‘, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1767. (1985)
H E Hosseini, H W Kroto, J F Nixon and O Ohashi, ’31P, 19F and 1H NMR spectroscopic study of the reaction of Bis(Trifluoromethyl)Phosphine and solid KOH. Synthesis of the Phosphaalkene CF₃P=CF₂‘,J. Organometallic Chem., 296, 351-355, (1985).
M A King, H W Kroto and B M Landsberg, ‘Microwave spectrum of the quasilinear molecule cyanogen isothiocyanate, NCNCS’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 113, 1-20, (1985).
K Ohno, H Matsuura, D McNaughton and H W Kroto, ‘Infrared spectra of 1-Phosphapropyne, CH₃CP, and its perdeuteride CD₃C=P’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 111, 415-424, (1985).
M C Durrant, H W Kroto, D McNaughton and J F Nixon ‘The new molecule 1-Cyano-4-Phosphabutadiyne, NC₄P, produced by copyrolysis of PCl₃ and CH₃C₃N: detection and vibration- rotation analysis by microwave spectroscopy’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 109, 8-14, (1985).
H W Kroto, D McNaughton, L T Little and N Matthews, ‘Long-chain hydrocarbon molecules in the interstellar medium: search for 1-cyanobut-3-ene-1-yne, CH₂=CHC₃N’, Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc., 213, 753-759 (1985).
H W Kroto, S I Klein, M F Meidine, J F Nixon, R K Harris, K J Packer and P Reams, ‘1- and 2-coordination in phospha-alkeneplatinum(0) complexes. High resolution solid state 31P NMR spectrum (triphenylphosphine)Platinum(0)’, J. Organo-metal. Chem., 280, 281-287 (1985).

1980-84

M A King and H W Kroto, ‘He I photoelectron study of cyanogen isothiocyanate, NCNCS, produced by thermal isomerisation of sulfur dicyanide, S(CN)₂‘, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 7347-7351 (1984).
H W Kroto, ‘A discrepancy in the fit between bacterial and interstellar spectra’, Observatory, 104, 135-136 (1984).
M A King, D Klapstein, H W Kroto, R Kuhn, J P Maier and J F Nixon, ‘Emission spectrum of the C-fluorophosphaethyne cation FCP+’, J. Chem. Phys., 80(6), 2332-2335 (1984).
H W Kroto, D McNaughton and O I Osman, ‘The detection of the new molecule prop-2-ynylidenamine, HC₂CH=NH, by microwave spectroscopy’, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 993-994 (1984).
T A Cooper, C Kirby, H W Kroto and P C Westwood, ‘A photoelectron spectroscopic study of the (FBS)n System (n=1-3)’, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1047-1052 (1984).
H W Kroto, ‘Long carbon chains in space’, European Spectroscopy News, 53, 18-20 (1984).
H W Kroto, J F Nixon, O Ohashi and N P C Simmons, ‘The microwave spectrum of 1-chloro- phosphaethene CH₂=PCl’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 103, 113-124 (1984).
J C T R Burckett-St.Laurent, P B Hitchcock, M A King, H W Kroto, M F Meidine, S I Klein, S I Al Resayes, R J Suffolk and J F Nixon, ‘Synthesis, structures and photoelectron spectra of phospha-alkenes and phospha-alkynes and their transition metal complexes’, Phosphorus and Sulphur, 18, 259-262 (1983).
K Ohno, H Matsuura, H Murata and H W Kroto, ‘The vibration-rotation spectrum of C-fluorophoethyne FCP; fermi resonance and a harmonic force field’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 100, 403-415 (1983).
M A King, D Klapstein, H W Kroto, R Kuhn and J P Maier, ‘The spectroscopic detection of the ions XBS+ and XCP+ (X=H, F, Cl)’, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 92, 607 (1983).
S I Al-Resayes, S I Klein, H W Kroto, M F Meidine and J F Nixon, ‘Synthesis of and Phospha-alkene-transition metal complexes and the first examples of complexes containing only ligated phospha-alkenes and phospha-alkynes’, J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 930 (1983).
J C T R Burckett-St.Laurent, M A King, H W Kroto, J F Nixon and R J Suffolk, ‘Photoelectron spectra of the Phospha-alkynes: 3,3-dimethyl-1-phosphabutyne, t-BuCP and 1-phenylphosphaethyne, PhCP’, J.C.S. Dalton, 755 (1983).
H W Kroto, ‘Semistable molecules in the laboratory and in space’, Royal Society of Chemistry Tilden Lecture; Chem. Soc. Revs., 11, 435-491 (1982).
J C T R Burckett-St.Laurent, P B Hitchcock, H W Kroto, M F Meidine and J F Nixon, ‘Novel transition metal phospha-alkyne complexes: tBuCP acting as 6 electron donor ligand. Synthesis, [C₂(CO)₆(mu-tBuCP)W(CO)₅]’, J. Organometallic Chem., 238, C82-C84 (1982).
H W Kroto, ‘The interaction between chemistry and astronomy’, in Submillimetre Wave Spectroscopy, J E Beckman and J P Phillips (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 203-217 (1982).
K Ohno, H Matsuura, H W Kroto and H Murata, ‘Infra-red spectra of C-fluorophosphaethyne FCP and C-difluorophosphaethene CF₂=PH’, Chemistry Letters, 981-984 (1982).
H W Kroto, ‘Polyine im universum’, Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab., 30, 765-770 (1982).
M A King, D Klapstein, H W Kroto, J P Maier and J F Nixon, ‘Emission spectra of the phosphaethyne cations of HCP+ and DCP+’, J. Mol. Struct., 80, 23-28 (1982).
J C T R Burckett-St.Laurent, T A Cooper, H W Kroto, J F Nixon, O Ohashi and K Ohno, ‘The detection of some new phospha-alkynes, RCP, using microwave spectroscopy’, J. Mol. Struct., 79, 215 (1982).
H W Kroto, J F Nixon, M J Taylor, A A Frew and K W Muir, ‘Synthesis and NMR spectra of some platinum(II) complexes of the phospha-alkene, (mesityl)P=CPh₂‘, Polyhedron, 1, 89-95 (1982).
H W Kroto, ‘Molecules in space’ Case Study 3 S247, Science Second Level Course, Open University 1981.
J C T R Burckett-St.Laurent, H W Kroto, J F Nixon and K Ohno, ‘The microwave spectrum of 1-Phenylphosphaethyne, C₆H₅CP’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 92, 158-161 (1982).
H W Kroto, ‘The spectra of interstellar molecules’, International Reviews in Physical Chemistry, 1, 309-376 (1981).
H W Kroto, J F Nixon and K Ohno, ‘The microwave spectrum of Phosphabutadiyne, HCCCP’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 90, 512-516 (1981).
K Ohno, H W Kroto and J F Nixon, ‘The microwave spectrum of 1-Phosphabut-1-yne-3-ene, CH₂=CHCP’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 90, 507-511 (1981).
H W Kroto, J F Nixon and K Ohno, ‘The microwave spectrum, structure and dipole moment of the unstable molecule phosphaethene, CH₂=PH’,J. Mol. Spectrosc., 90, 367-373 (1981).
J C T R Burckett-St.Laurent, P B Hitchcock, H W Kroto and J F Nixon, ‘Novel transition metal phosphaalkyne complexes. X-Ray crystal and molecular structure of a side-bonded ButCP complex of zerovalent platinum, Pt(PPh₂)₂(ButCP), J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 1141-1143 (1981).
H W Kroto and J F Nixon, ‘Phosphaalkenes, R₂C=PR and phosphaalkynes, RCP’, A C S Symposium Series 171 (ed. L D Quin and J Verkade) No.79, 383-390, J Am. Chem. Soc.
M A King, H W Kroto, J F Nixon, D Klapstein, J P Maier and O Marthaler, ‘Emission spectra of the phosphaethyne cations, HCP+ and DCP+’, Chem. Phys. Letts., 82, 543 (1981).
T A Cooper, M A King, H W Kroto and R J Suffolk, ‘The detection of unstable monomeric selenidoborons: chloroselenidoboron ClB=Se’, J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 353-354 (1981).
H Eshtiagh-Hosseini, H W Kroto, J F Nixon, M L Maah and M J Taylor, ‘Synthesis of phospha-alkene transition metal complexes’, J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 199-200 (1981).
H W Kroto, ‘The detection of unstable species using microwave photoelectron and radioastronomy techniques’, Chimia, 34, 313 (1980).
H W Kroto, C Kirby, D R M Walton, L W Avery, N W Broten, J M McLeod and T Oka, ‘Detection of a complex new interstellar species with a molecular weight of 99’, in Les Spectres des Molecules Simples Au Laboratoire et en Astro-Physique, XXI Colloque Int. Astr. 1977, 83-86 (1980).
H W Kroto, J F Nixon, K Ohno and N P C Simmons, ‘The microwave spectrum of Phosphaethene, CH₂=PH’, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 709 (1980).
M King and H W Kroto, ‘Microwave study of the thermal isomerisation of sulphurdicyanide, S(CN)₂ to cyano-isothiocyanate, NCNCS’, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 606 (1980).
C Kirby, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, ‘The microwave spectrum of Cyanohexatriyne, HC₇N’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 83, 261-265 (1980).
C Kirby and H W Kroto, ‘The microwave spectrum of chloro-sulphido-boron ClB=S: molecular structure, dipole moment, quadrupole moment and vibration-rotation analysis’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 83, 130-147 (1980).
K Georgiou and H W Kroto, ‘The microwave spectrum structure and dipole moment of trans 2-propenethial (trans-thioacrolein), CH₂=CHCH=S’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 83, 94-104 (1980).
C Kirby and H W Kroto, ‘The microwave spectrum of Methyl-Sulphido-Boron, CH₃B=S: substitution structure, dipole moment and vibration-rotation analysis’, Mol. Spectrosc., 83, 1-14 (1980).
M Hutchinson, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, ‘Rotation-vibration analysis of the microwave spectrum of Cyanobutadiyne, HC₅N’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 82, 394-410 (1980).
H W Kroto, J F Nixon and N P C Simmons, ‘Microwave spectrum, structure, dipole moment and vibrational satellites of FCP’, Mol. Spectrosc. 82, 185-192 (1980).
T Cooper, H W Kroto, J F Nixon and O Ohashi, ‘The detection of C-Cyanophosphaethyne NCCP, by microwave spectroscopy’, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 333-334 (1980).

1975-79

H W Kroto, ‘The detection of unstable species using microwave, photoelectron and radioastronomy techniques’, 14th International Symposium on Free Radicals, Sanda, Japan., 147-156 (1979).
H E Hosseini, H W Kroto, J F Nixon, O Ohashi, ‘19F and 31P NMR characterisation of the Phosphaalkene CF₃P=CF₂, intermediates in the alkaline hydrolysis of Bis(trifluoromethyl) phosphine’, J. Organometallic Chem., 181, C1-C3 (1979).
H E Hosseini, J F Nixon, H W Kroto, S Brownstein, J R Morton and K F Preston, ’19F and 31P NMR characterisation of Phospha-alkene and Phospha-alkyne intermediates in the hydrolysis of perfluoroalkyl-phosphines’, J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 653-654 (1979).
H W Kroto, J F Nixon and N P C Simmons, ‘The microwave spectrum of 1-Phosphapropyne, CH₃C≡P: molecular structure, dipole moment and vibration rotation analysis’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 77, 270-285 (1979).
N P C Westwood, H W Kroto, J F Nixon and N P C Simmons, ‘Formation of 1-Phosphapropyne CH₃CP by pyrolysis of ethyl dichlorophosphine: a He(I) photoelectron spectroscopic study’, J.C.S. Dalton, 1405-1408 (1979).
K Georgiou, B M Landsberg and H W Kroto, ‘The microwave spectrum structure and dipole moment of Thioketene CH₂=C=S’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 77, 365-373 (1979).
H W Kroto, ‘Chemistry between the stars’, New Scientist 79, 400-403 (1978); [No.1115, 10 Aug.].
N W Broten, T Oka, L W Avery, J M MacLeod and H W Kroto, ‘The detection of HC₉N in interstellar space’, Astrophys. J., 223, L105-107 (1978).
C Kirby, H W Kroto and M J Taylor, ‘The detection of the new reactive molecule Methyl(sulphido)boron CH₃BS, by microwave spectroscopy’, J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 19-20 (1978).
C Kirby, H W Kroto and N P C Westwood, ‘The detection of Chlorothioborine, ClBS, a new unstable triatomic molecule by photoelectron and microwave Spectroscopy’, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 3766-3768 (1978).
A J Alexander, H W Kroto, M Maier and D R M Walton, ‘The microwave spectra of symmetric top Polyacetylenes: 1,3,5-Heptatriyne CH₃C₆H and 1-Cyano-2,4-Pentadiyne CH₃C₄CN’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 70, 84-90 (1978).
H W Kroto, J F Nixon, N P C Simmons and N P C Westwood, ‘FC≡P, 1-Fluorophosphaethyne: preparation and detection by photoelectron and microwave spectroscopy’, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 446-448 (1978).
M Hutchinson and H W Kroto, ‘The microwave spectrum, structure and barrier to internal rotation of Selenoacetaldehyde, CH₃CHSe’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 70, 347-356 (1978).
C Kirby and H W Kroto, ‘Microwave and photoelectron study of cis- and trans-Isocyanatoethene CH₂=CHNCO (vinylisocyanate)’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 70, 216-228 (1978).
H W Kroto, J N Murrell, A Al-Derzi and M F Guest, ‘Calculated structures and microwave frequencies of HNSi and HSiN, Astrophysical J., 219, 886-890 (1978).
H W Kroto, C Kirby, D R M Walton, L W Avery, N W Broten, J M MacLeod and T Oka, ‘The detection of Cyanohexatriyne, HC₇N, in Heiles’ Cloud 2′, Astrophysics J., 219, L133-L137 (1978).
J N Murrell, H W Kroto and M F Guest, ‘Double-bonded divalent silicon’, J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 619-620 (1977).
D C Frost, H W Kroto, C A McDowell and N P C Westwood, ‘The HeI Photoelectron Spectra of the Isoelectronic Molecules, Cyanogenazide NCN₃ and Cyanogen isocyanate NCNCO’, J. Electron Spectrosc., 11, 147-156 (1977).
H W Kroto and M Maier, ‘The microwave spectrum, structure and quadrupole coupling constants of Boronchloridedifluoride, BClF₂‘, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 65, 280-288 (1977).
H W Kroto and B M Landsberg, ‘The microwave spectrum, substitution structure, internal rotation barrier and dipole moment of Thioacetaldehyde, CH₃CHS’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 62, 346-363 (1976).
A J Alexander, H W Kroto and D R M Walton, ‘The microwave spectrum, substitution structure and dipole moment of cyanobutadiyne, HC₅N’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 62, 175-180 (1976).
M J Hopkinson, H W Kroto, J F Nixon and N P C Simmons, ‘The detection of the reactive molecule 1-phosphapropyne, CH₃C≡P, by microwave spectroscopy’, Chem. Phys. Letts., 42, 460-461 (1976).
M J Hopkinson, H W Kroto, J F Nixon and N P C Simmons, ‘The detection of unstable molecules by microwave spectroscopy: phospha-alkenes CF₂=PH, CH₂=PCl and CH₂=PH’, J.C.S. Chem. Comm., 513-515 (1976).
L W Avery, N W Broten, J M MacLeod, T Oka and H W Kroto, ‘Detection of the heavy interstellar molecule cyanodiacetylene’, Astrophys. J., 205, L173-175 (1976).
H W Kroto, M F Lappert, M Maier, J B Pedley, M Vidal and M F Guest, ‘The HeI photoelectron spectra of mixed boron trihalides and the microwave spectrum of BClF₂‘, Chem. Commun., 810-812 (1975).
A J Careless and H W Kroto, ‘Analysis of the microwave rotation spectrum of silyl cyanide, SiH₃CN in its ground and vibrationally excited states’, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 57, 198-214 (1975).
A J Careless and H W Kroto, ‘Rotational transitions in degenerate vibrational states of C_3v symmetric top molecules with application to CH₃CN’,J. Mol. Spectrosc., 57, 189-197 (1975).
H W Kroto, ‘Molecular Rotation Spectra’, (monograph, pp311) John Wiley, London (1975).

1970-74

H W Kroto, B M Landsberg, R J Suffolk and A Vodden, ‘The photoelectron and microwave spectra of the unstable species thioacetaldehyde, CH₃CHS, and thioacetone, (CH₃)₂CS’, Chem. Phys. Letts., 29, 265-269 (1974).
K Georgiou, H W Kroto and B M Landsberg, ‘Microwave spectrum of thioketene, H₂C=C=S’, Chem. Commun., p739-740 (1974).
H W Kroto, R J Suffolk and N P C Westwood, ‘The photo-electron spectrum of thioborine, HBS’, Chem. Phys. Letts., 22, 495-498 (1973).
A J Careless, H W Kroto and B M Landsberg, ‘The microwave spectrum, structure and dipole moment of thiocarbonyl fluoride, F₂CS’, Chem. Phys., 1, 371-375 (1973).
H W Kroto and R J Suffolk, ‘The photoelectron spectrum of F₂CS and fluorine substitution shifts’, Chem. Phys. Letts., 17, 213-216 (1972).
A J Careless, M C Green and H W Kroto, ‘The microwave spectrum of trimethylsilyl isocyanate (CH₃)₃SiNCO’, Chem. Phys. Letts., 16, 414-418 (1972).
C C Costain and H W Kroto, ‘Microwave spectrum, structure and dipole moment of cyanogen azide, NCN₃‘, Can. J. Phys., 50, 1453-1457 (1972).
H W Kroto and R J Suffolk, ‘The photoelectron spectrum of an unstable species in the pyrolysis products of dimethyldisulphide’, Chem. Phys. Letts., 15, 545-548 (1972).
H W Kroto and J J C Teixeira-Dias, ‘The effects of intermolecular interactions in the Raman spectrum of liquid CS2‘, Spectrochim. Acta., 28A, 1497-1502 (1972).
J P Jesson, H W Kroto and D A Ramsay, ‘Quasiplanarity of pyridine in its first excited singlet state’, J. Chem. Phys., 56, 6257-6258 (1972).
G H King, H W Kroto and R J Suffolk, ‘The photo-electron spectrum of a short-lived species in the decomposition products of CS2‘, Chem. Phys. Letts., 13, 457-458 (1972).
H W Kroto, T F Morgan and H H Sheena, ‘Flash photolysis of cyanogen azide, NCN₃‘, Trans. Faraday Soc., 66, 2237-2243 (1970).
H W Kroto and J J C Teixeira-Diaz, ‘Theory of the effect of intermolecular interactions on the Raman spectra of liquid CHCl₃ and CFCl₃ ‘, Mol. Phys., 16, 773-782 (1970).

1963-69

P R Carey, H W Kroto and M A Turpin, ‘Chlorine isotope effects on the 19F resonance of CCl₃F and the use of this signal as a reference in high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance’, Chem. Comm., 1188 (1969).
H J Clase and H W Kroto, ‘The effect of intermolecular interactions on the isotope structures of the Raman bands of CHCl₃, CCl₃F and CCl₃CN’, Mol. Phys., 15, 167-172 (1968).
H W Kroto and Y-H Pao, ‘Effect of intermolecular interactions on line shapes and depolarisation factors of highly polarised Raman lines’, J. Optical Society of America, 58, 479-483 (1968).
H W Kroto and D P Santry, ‘Semiempirical molecular-orbital spectra. II. Approximate open-shell theory’, J. Chem. Phys., 47, 2736-2743 (1967).
H W Kroto and D P Santry, ‘CNDO molecular-orbital theory of molecular structure. I. The virtual-orbital approximation to excited states’, J. Chem. Phys., 47, 792-797 (1967).
H W Kroto, ‘The ¹π_u&�Բ��;←¹∆_g electronic spectrum of NCN’, Can. J. Phys., 45, 1439-1450 (1967).
H W Kroto, ‘Singlet and triplet states of NCN in the flash photolysis of cyanogen azide’, J. Chem. Phys., 44, 831-832 (1966).
R N Dixon and H W Kroto, ‘The electronic spectrum of nitrosomethane, CH3NO’, Roy. Soc., 283, 423-432 (1965).
R N Dixon and H W Kroto, ‘High resolution study of the spectrum of the CBr radical’, Trans Faraday Soc, 59, 1484-1489 (1963).

91ֱ��

Sir Harry Kroto

Sir Harry Kroto

Publications

On this page

Main papers

Full publications list

Main papers

The C₆₀ discovery paper

The electronic spectrum of CBr, Sir Harry Kroto's first paper

A personal overview of the discovery of C₆₀

A review of molecular spectroscopy results on the detection of new molcules

The paper first describing the Isolated Pentagon Rule and predicting the tetravalency and metastability of C28

A personal overview of the discovery of C₆₀

A review of the impact of the C₆₀ discovery on molecules in space

Discussing the possibiliy of C₆₀ and its analogues in space and as DIB carriers

Full publications list

2010-14

2005-09

2000-04

1995-99

1990-94

1985-89

1980-84

1975-79

1970-74

1963-69

Publications

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The C60 discovery paper

The electronic spectrum of CBr, Sir Harry Kroto's first paper

A personal overview of the discovery of C60

A review of molecular spectroscopy results on the detection of new molcules

The paper first describing the Isolated Pentagon Rule and predicting the tetravalency and metastability of C28

A personal overview of the discovery of C60

A review of the impact of the C60 discovery on molecules in space

Discussing the possibiliy of C60 and its analogues in space and as DIB carriers

Related information

Centres of excellence

The C₆₀ discovery paper

A personal overview of the discovery of C₆₀

A personal overview of the discovery of C₆₀

A review of the impact of the C₆₀ discovery on molecules in space

Discussing the possibiliy of C₆₀ and its analogues in space and as DIB carriers